Through its effects on the plants, animals and microbes which make up the biosphere, on the climate and on the oceans, this industrial flow of carbon links the Earth’s distant geological past to ...

Phytoplankton—microscopic algae that form the base of ocean food webs—have long been viewed as transient players in the ...

Certain gases in the atmosphere trap heat. These gases are called greenhouse gases because they effectively form a blanket over Earth that prevents heat from escaping to space. Greenhouse gases ...